Optimal. Leaf size=63 \[ -\frac {\sqrt {b} \left (1-\frac {a}{b x^4}\right )^{3/4} x^3 F\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} \csc ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )\right |2\right )}{\sqrt {a} \left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.02, antiderivative size = 63, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 4, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 12, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {243, 342, 281,
238} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {b} x^3 \left (1-\frac {a}{b x^4}\right )^{3/4} F\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} \csc ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )\right |2\right )}{\sqrt {a} \left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 238
Rule 243
Rule 281
Rule 342
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx &=\frac {\left (\left (1-\frac {a}{b x^4}\right )^{3/4} x^3\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (1-\frac {a}{b x^4}\right )^{3/4} x^3} \, dx}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (\left (1-\frac {a}{b x^4}\right )^{3/4} x^3\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x}{\left (1-\frac {a x^4}{b}\right )^{3/4}} \, dx,x,\frac {1}{x}\right )}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (\left (1-\frac {a}{b x^4}\right )^{3/4} x^3\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (1-\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )^{3/4}} \, dx,x,\frac {1}{x^2}\right )}{2 \left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {b} \left (1-\frac {a}{b x^4}\right )^{3/4} x^3 F\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} \csc ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}\right )\right |2\right )}{\sqrt {a} \left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in
optimal.
time = 6.12, size = 47, normalized size = 0.75 \begin {gather*} \frac {x \left (1-\frac {b x^4}{a}\right )^{3/4} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{4},\frac {3}{4};\frac {5}{4};\frac {b x^4}{a}\right )}{\left (a-b x^4\right )^{3/4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [F]
time = 0.03, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[\int \frac {1}{\left (-b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}\, dx\]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F]
time = 0.07, size = 25, normalized size = 0.40 \begin {gather*} {\rm integral}\left (-\frac {{\left (-b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b x^{4} - a}, x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 0.39, size = 37, normalized size = 0.59 \begin {gather*} \frac {x \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} \frac {1}{4}, \frac {3}{4} \\ \frac {5}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {b x^{4} e^{2 i \pi }}{a}} \right )}}{4 a^{\frac {3}{4}} \Gamma \left (\frac {5}{4}\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 1.10, size = 38, normalized size = 0.60 \begin {gather*} \frac {x\,{\left (1-\frac {b\,x^4}{a}\right )}^{3/4}\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (\frac {1}{4},\frac {3}{4};\ \frac {5}{4};\ \frac {b\,x^4}{a}\right )}{{\left (a-b\,x^4\right )}^{3/4}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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